Applications of Non-destructive Tests for Diagnosis of Heritage Buildings: Case Studies from Singapore and Malaysia

Abstract Non-destructive tests have been increasingly used in Handrail End Cap historic buildings not only for pre-restoration investigation but also as useful tools to evaluate the effectiveness of eventual interventions.These tests can complement and supplement destructive tests like laboratory analysis of extracted samples as long as a sound sampling plan has been put in place to commensurate with Saftey the pattern and extent of dilapidation and materials distribution.Common methods employed in projects in Singapore and Malaysia include the infrared thermography, ground penetrating radar, microwave moisture tomography and ultrasonic pulse echo tomography.The paper discusses about a selection of case studies, demonstrating the application of various techniques for the identification of hidden details, defects and deterioration, and moisture detection.